L.I.Anatychuk. On the discovery of thermoelectricity by Volta. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p. 5-10.
The results of historical research proving the discovery of thermoelectricity by Volta are given. Physical conditions for observation by Volta of the origination of thermoelectric effect are described. The observations by Volta are confirmed by reproduction of his experiments.

O.J.Luste, R.V.Kuz’. Computer control of eddy thermoelectric currents. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.11-19.
Computer technology of eddy thermoelectric current control in thermoelectric media is described. Physical foundations of the algorithm for eddy thermoelectric current control and the algorithm flow chart are given. Software product TECONTR realizing the algorithm and examples of program application for design of thermoelements are described.

V.H.Okhrem. Circular currents in a thermoelectrically anisotropic homogeneous disc. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.20-24.
The effect of the Joule heat from circular eddy thermoelectric currents on the distribution of temperature forming them and the resulting potential is studied analytically. It is shown that for current thermoelectrically anisotropic materials the Joule heat does not contribute considerably to total energy balance.

A.F.Semizorov. On thermoemf anisotropy of CdSb. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.25-29.
Based on the analysis of measurement data for thermoEMF and anisotropy of the Hall mobility of CdSb, the values of effective masses of electrons and holes have been found. It has been shown that the resulting values of effective masses allow to desribe with sufficient accuracy the anisotropy of thermoEMF in the intrinsic region of CdSb.

P.I.Skoropad, B.I.Stadnyk, S.P.Yatsishin, B.P.Yatsishin. Technological and thermodynamic changes in parameters of thermoelectric materials. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.30-36.
Metal amorphous alloys, cermet tungsten and molybdenum samples, as well as thin-film vacuum evaporated samples have been studied. The results have been discussed on a model level, as long as a change in thermometric characteristics (thermoEMF, electric resistivity and temperature coefficient, etc.) is realized through the fluctuation-dissipation deviations – internal noise- in materials determined by their technological (primarily mechanical and thermal) background.

A.I.Kopyl, I.I.Pavlovich, A.I.Seredyuk. Some peculiarities of growing ingots of Bi, Sb chalcogenides by zone recrystallization technique. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.37-44.
Processes of growing solid solutions of Bi and Sb chalcogenides by zone recrystallization technique have been investigated. Correlation dependences between the growing process parameters and structural and physical properties of the resulting material have been established. Based on the investigations performed, recommendations on growing semiconductor ingots by said technique have been developed.

A.S.Ivanov, Yu.P.Lebedev, F.А.Shunikov. Feasibility study of two-stage thermoelectric cooling modules. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.45-50.
Design and optimization variants have been considered with a view to simultaneously achieve high values of maximum temperature difference (DТmax) and maximum cooling capacity (Qmax) of widely used two-stage modules with size of ceramic plate 40x40 mm2. The study dealt with two design modifications: modules with identical number of junctions in both stages and modules with different number of junctions in stages. Parameters were calculated for each modification with regard for really achievable variants of stage interconnection. The resulting design and practical data allow to realize modules with higher output characteristics (DТmax, Qmax) than commercial modules of major manufacturers.

S.Asmontas, J.Gradauskas, A.Lucun, V.Petkun, D.Seliuta, A.Suziedelis. Some aspects of hot carrier thermoemf in silicon barrier-less diode for microwave detection. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.51-56.
We employ hot carrier thermo-electromotive force induced in asymmetrically necked silicon diodes (bigradient emf) to detect microwave radiation of 10 GHz frequency. At room temperature, both types of planar structures, n-Si-on–p-Si and n-Si-on–n-Si, reveal applicable features, still the latter seems to be more suitable for high power microwave nanosecond pulse sensing.

V.I.Bodnaruk. Investigation of stability of thermoelectric converter parameters. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.57-60.
A change in output thermoEMF of converters (of ТP4303 type) during 3000 hours of continuous operation was investigated. It was shown that to provide high temporal stability of parameters of semiconductor gas-filled converters, the temperature conditions of heater and thermocouple should be selected close to optimal.

G.G.Gromov, L.B.Yershova, I.A.Drabkin. Complex method to control the quality of construction and performance reliability of thermoelectric modules in optoelectronic devices. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.61-69.
International standards require high reliability from thermoelectric (TE) cooling modules applied in optoelectronic devices. A standard criterion is the measurement and specification of the module electric resistance (R). At the manufacturing stage TE Figure-of-Merit (Z) is also controlled by the Harman method. Our earlier paper [1] suggested a complex quality control method by measuring TE module R, Z and time constant (t). As a follow-up of this approach the current paper shows the advantages of the complex (R, Z, t)-measurement for estimating the quality of assemblies with integrated TE modules as well as modules reliability control or failure while operating being integrated into optoelectronic devices. Theoretical backgrounds and experimental results are offered. The measurements were carried out with the help of Z, R, t-meters of the DX4065 and DX4165 series produced by RMT Ltd.

O.P. Guk, B.I.Stadnyk, S.P.Yatsyshyn. Long life cable thermoelectric temperature converters. reliability problems. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.70-74.
Cable thermoelectric converters have been studied. The problems of their metrological and mechanical reliability have been discussed. The possibilities of production-technology-operation factors for improvement of the converters’ reliability characteristics have been outlined.

Ya.T.Lutsyk, B.I.Stadnyk, S.P.Yatsyshyn. Drift of thermoelectric properties and electromechanochemical noise in thermometric converters. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.75-82.
Thermometric materials have been studied and methods for analysis of thermoEMF deviations based on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics have been developed. It has been shown that the mechanical component of basic thermodynamic equation is responsible for the mechanical constituent of thermoEMF instability and is realized through electromechanical noise (special case of electromechanochemical noise), caused, in particular, by electromagnetic deformation.

V.Ya.Mikhailovsky. Thermoelectric generator of thermal and electrical power. Journal of Thermoelectricity. 2004,  No. 2. - p.82-88.
The results of development and research of 100 W thermoelectric generator with water cooling are provided. TEG physical model is examined along with specific configuration that is an embodiment of the proposed model. Key characteristics of the developed TEG are adduced.